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Magnesium L-Threonate — 2000 mg (≈172 mg elemental magnesium)
Highly bioavailable magnesium salt that raises brain magnesium levels; included to support a calm pre-sleep routine and normal psychological function.
NHC-approved health claims (Magnesium): contributes to normal psychological function; contributes to the reduction of tiredness & fatigue; contributes to normal muscle function.
Key studies:
- Magnesium-L-threonate improves sleep quality and daytime functioning in adults with self-reported sleep problems: a randomized controlled trial. Sleep Med X, 2024. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590142724000193
- The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Res Med Sci, 2012. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3703169/
L-Theanine — 200 mg
Non-sedating amino acid that promotes relaxation (alpha-wave activity); emerging data show sleep-quality benefits via stress reduction.
Key studies:
- Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 2019. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6836118/
- Safety and Efficacy of AlphaWave® L-Theanine on Stress and Sleep: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Adv Ther, 2024. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40120-024-00624-7 SpringerLink
Apigenin — 50 mg
Plant flavonoid (e.g., chamomile). Human sleep data are preliminary; included to support relaxation as part of a pre-sleep routine.
Key studies:
- Chamomile for Chronic Primary Insomnia: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. BMC Complement Altern Med, 2011. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3198755/
- Apigenin: a natural molecule at the intersection of sleep and longevity (review). 2024. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10929570/
Key Studies
- Magnesium L-threonate, 2000 mg (≈172 mg elemental Mg)
High-bioavailability form to support a calm pre-sleep routine and normal psychological function.
Authorised claims: contributes to normal psychological function, reduces tiredness and fatigue, supports normal muscle function.
Studies: Sleep Med X 2024 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590142724000193; J Res Med Sci 2012 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3703169/ - Apigenin, 50 mg
Plant flavonoid; human sleep data are preliminary; included to support relaxation.
Studies: BMC Complement Altern Med 2011 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3198755/; Review 2024 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10929570/
Fenugreek (50% Fenusides) — 600 mg
Traditional botanical studies for male vitality and performance; human trials report support for testosterone and training outcomes.
Key studies:
- Effect of fenugreek extract supplement on testosterone levels in males: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytotherapy Research, 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32048383/
- Fenugreek extract increases strength and muscle mass vs placebo in response to training (RCT). Translational Sports Medicine, 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32048383/
Fadogia agrestis (stem extract) — 600 mg
West African botanical featured in preclinical research; animal models show increases in testosterone and pro-sexual behaviour.
Key studies:
- Aphrodisiac potentials of the aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis stem in male rats. Asian Journal of Andrology, 2005. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16281088/ (open PDF: https://www.asiaandro.com/news/upload/20130912-aja200571a.pdf)
Zinc (as Picolinate) — 15 mg
NHC-approved health claim: Zinc contributes to the maintenance of normal testosterone levels in the blood (conditions of use apply). GB Nutrition & Health Claims Register: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36577241/
Supporting study:
- Zinc status and serum testosterone levels of healthy adults. Nutrition, 1996. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8875519/
Boron — 2 mg
Trace element explored for its effects on steroid hormone dynamics and free testosterone.
Key study:
- Comparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and inflammatory biomarkers. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2011. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129941/
Purified Himalayan Shilajit — 250 mg
Standardised herbo-mineral resin; clinical research reports support for total and free testosterone in healthy men.
Key study:
- Clinical evaluation of purified Shilajit on testosterone levels in healthy volunteers (randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled). Andrologia, 2016. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/and.12482
Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) — 300 mg
Oral NAD⁺ precursor; repeatedly shown to raise human NAD⁺ levels.
Key studies:
- Nicotinamide riboside is uniquely and orally bioavailable in mice and humans. Nat Commun, 2016 — https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms12948
- Chronic NR supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD⁺ in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Nat Commun, 2018 — https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03421-7
GlyNAC (Glycine 500 mg + N-Acetyl Cysteine 500 mg)
Supports glutathione synthesis and redox balance; clinical work in older adults reports broad functional improvements.
Key studies:
- GlyNAC supplementation in aging humans improves multiple hallmarks to boost strength and cognition (randomized clinical trial). Clin Transl Med, 2021 — https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34587244/
- Supplementing Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) in Aging Humans (review/RCT overview). Nutrients, 2022 — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9879756/
Trans-Resveratrol — 200 mg
Polyphenol studied for metabolic and cardiometabolic support.
Key study: Calorie restriction–like effects of 30 days of resveratrol supplementation in obese men. Cell Metab, 2011 — https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(11)00386-X
Pterostilbene — 50 mg
Resveratrol analogue with higher oral bioavailability; human data support use for metabolic parameters.
Key study: Pterostilbene on Metabolic Parameters: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Evid-Based Complement Altern Med, 2014 — https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4099343/
Fisetin — 100 mg
Dietary flavonoid under active clinical investigation for healthy ageing.
Key reference: Fisetin is a senotherapeutic that extends health and lifespan. EBioMedicine, 2018 — https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30279143/
Vitamin D3 — 2000 IU
NHC-approved health claims: contributes to the normal function of the immune system and maintenance of normal bones & muscle (GB NHC Register / EFSA) — GB register link above; EFSA review: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/4182
Vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) — 100 μg
NHC-approved health claims: contributes to normal blood clotting and maintenance of normal bones (EFSA) — https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/1228
Ashwagandha (KSM-66® root) — 600 mg
Adaptogen to support stress resilience and sleep quality during the transition.
Key study:
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in perimenopausal women. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34553463/ PubMed
Red Clover Isoflavones (≈80 mg/day isoflavones) — 200 mg extract
Non-hormonal isoflavones studied for vasomotor symptoms.
Key study:
- Isoflavones from red clover significantly reduce menopausal hot flush symptoms compared with placebo. Maturitas, 2002. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12161042/ PubMed
Rhodiola rosea (std. extract) — 150 mg
Adaptogen used for stress-related fatigue and mood.
Key study:
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of Rhodiola rosea in individuals with stress-related fatigue. Planta Med, 2009. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19016404/ PubMed
Vitex agnus-castus (Chaste tree) — 100 mg (10:1)
Traditionally used for cyclical symptoms; strongest data are for PMS rather than menopause.
Key study:
- Treatment for the premenstrual syndrome with agnus castus fruit extract: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled. BMJ, 2001. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11159568/ PubMed
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) extract — 600 mg (10:1)
Traditional use for comfort; evidence is mixed.
Key studies:
- Effect of Fennel on the Health Status of Menopausal Women. J Menopausal Med, 2018. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5949311/ PMC
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fennel on menopausal symptoms: high placebo response. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc, 2018. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10183764/
Vitamin B6 — 5 mg
NHC-approved health claims: contributes to the regulation of hormonal activity and hot flushes. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31104511
Citicoline (Sodium Salt, USP grade) — 500 mg
Choline donor used to support attention, memory and phospholipid synthesis for healthy brain function.
Key studies:
- Citicoline and Memory Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. The Journal of Nutrition, 2021. https://jn.nutrition.org/article/S0022-3166(22)00267-X/fulltext Journal of Nutrition
- Improved Attentional Performance Following Citicoline Administration in Healthy Adult Women (Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled). Food & Nutrition Sciences, 2012. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=19921 SCIRP
Bacopa monnieri Extract (≥50% bacosides) — 300 mg
Traditional nootropic herb used to support memory consolidation, learning and processing speed.
Key studies:
- Examining the nootropic effects of a special extract of Bacopa monniera: 90-day double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Phytotherapy Research, 2008. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18683852/ PubMed
- The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera on cognitive function in healthy human subjects. Psychopharmacology, 2001. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11498727/ PubMed
Rhodiola rosea Extract (≥3% rosavins, ≥1% salidroside) — 200 mg
Adaptogenic root used to support mental performance, perceived stress and fatigue.
Key study:
- A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the standardized extract SHR-5 of Rhodiola rosea in subjects with stress-related fatigue. Planta Medica, 2009. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19016404/ PubMed
Phosphatidylserine (from Sunflower Lecithin, ≥20%) — 100 mg
Phospholipid component of neuronal membranes; used to support cognitive performance and stress resilience.
Key studies:
- Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment (AAMI): randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled. Neurology, 1991. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2027477/ PubMed
- The effects of phosphatidylserine on endocrine response to moderate intensity exercise. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2008. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2503954/ PMC
L-Theanine (≥98%) — 200 mg
A non-sedating amino acid used to support calm focus and sleep quality via alpha-wave activity.
Key studies:
- Effects of L-Theanine Administration on Stress-Related Symptoms and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled. Nutrients, 2019. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6836118/
- Safety and Efficacy of AlphaWave® L-Theanine on Stress and Sleep: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled. Advances in Therapy, 2024. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40120-024-00624-7 ResearchGate
Lion’s Mane Mushroom Extract (30% polysaccharides) — 500 mg
Fruiting-body extract used to support cognitive clarity, memory and mood.
Key studies:
- Improving effects of the mushroom Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceus) on mild cognitive impairment: double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Phytotherapy Research, 2009. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18844328/ PubMed
- The Acute and Chronic Effects of Lion’s Mane Mushroom on Cognitive Function and Mood in Healthy Young Adults (Randomized Trial). Nutrients, 2023. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10675414/ PMC
Coffee Fruit Extract (Coffea arabica fruit, ≥10% polyphenols, low-caffeine) — 100 mg
Polyphenol-rich coffee fruit used to support neurotrophic pathways (e.g., BDNF) and working memory.
Key studies:
- Modulatory effect of coffee fruit extract on plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in healthy subjects. British Journal of Nutrition, 2013. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23312069/ PubMed
- Whole Coffee Cherry Extract Improves Working Memory and Response Inhibition: Acute and Longitudinal Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 2024. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11279654/ PMC
Beta-sitosterol
Improves urinary symptoms and flow in BPH; evidence from RCT and systematic review.
Key studies:
- Randomised, placebo-controlled trial in BPH showing symptom and flow improvements. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7540705/
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of beta-sitosterol for BPH symptoms. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8407049/
Saw palmetto extract
Evidence from meta-analysis and RCTs for improvements in urinary symptoms and flow.
Key studies:
- Evidence review summarising RCTs on symptom and flow outcomes. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2003/0315/p1281.html
- Randomised controlled trial on symptom relief in BPH. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11744467/
Nettle root extract
Used for urinary comfort; RCTs report symptom and flow support in BPH.
Key studies:
- Prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial (100 men). J Herb Pharmacother, 2005.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16635963/ - Long-term, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study of nettle root extract. Urologe A, 2004.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15045190/
Pumpkin seed extract
Rich in phytosterols; human trials show improvements in IPSS and good tolerability.
Key studies:
- Randomised trial in men with LUTS/BPH; symptom score reductions over 12 months. Urologia Internationalis, 2015.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25196580/ - Pumpkin seed oil vs tamsulosin; symptom relief with good safety. Urologia Internationalis, 2021.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34666728/ (OA: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8527717/) - Meta-analysis of two RCTs on pumpkin seed soft extract for LUTS/BPH. Clinical Phytoscience, 2022.
https://clinphytoscience.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40816-022-00345-0
Pygeum africanum extract
Botanical traditionally used for urinary comfort; pooled clinical data show modest but significant improvements in LUTS and flow measures.
Key studies:
- Pygeum africanum for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2002 (systematic review).
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11869585/ - Pygeum africanum for the treatment of men with symptomatic BPH: systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11099686/
Lycopene
Antioxidant carotenoid; clinical data suggest PSA and symptom support in BPH cohorts.
Key studies:
- RCT in men with BPH: lycopene 15 mg/day inhibited disease progression vs placebo. BJU International, 2008.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18156403/ - Randomised, controlled trial showing antioxidant/biomarker benefits. Cancer Prevention Research, 2011.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21430075/
Green tea extract (EGCG)
Catechin-rich extract; human trials show favourable effects on prostate biomarkers and progression in high-risk groups.
Key studies:
- RCT in men with HGPIN: green tea catechins reduced progression to prostate cancer. Cancer Research, 2006.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16424063/ - Randomised, placebo-controlled trial (Polyphenon E) showing biomarker benefits. Cancer Prevention Research, 2015.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25873370/ (OA: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4596745/)
Pomegranate extract
May slow PSA rise post-treatment; anti-inflammatory effects.
Key studies:
- Phase II trial: pomegranate juice significantly prolonged PSA doubling time in men with rising PSA. Clinical Cancer Research, 2006.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16818701/ - Randomised phase II study of pomegranate extract (POMx): biological activity and safety reported: the Prostate, 2013.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22689129/ (OA: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3549301/)
Zinc (picolinate)
Essential mineral for male hormone metabolism; human data link status/supplementation to testosterone maintenance.
Key studies:
Zinc status correlates with serum testosterone in healthy men; supplementation in deficiency increased T. Nutrition, 1996.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8875519/- Narrative review on zinc, testosterone and sperm parameters. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2020.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13685538.2019.1573220
Selenium (selenomethionine)
Antioxidant trace element; human trials show benefits to semen quality and motility.
Key studies:
- The effect of oral selenium supplementation on human sperm motility. Biol Trace Elem Res, 1998 (randomised trial).
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9698665/ - Selenium–vitamin E supplementation in infertile men: improvements in sperm parameters and spontaneous pregnancy rate. Int J Gen Med, 2011 (clinical trial).
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21403799/ (Open access summary: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3048346/) - Efficacy of selenium and/or N-acetyl-cysteine for improving semen parameters in infertile men. Urology, 2009 (randomised study).
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19091331/
Boron
Short-term human data indicate favourable shifts in free testosterone and inflammatory markers.
Key study:
- Daily/weekly boron supplementation trial in men; increase free testosterone, reduction in hs-CRP. J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2011.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21129941/
Vitamin D3
Roles in cell differentiation and immune modulation within prostate tissue.
Key studies:
- Review of vitamin D signalling in prostate cells. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16549493/
Vitamin K2 (MK-7)
Regulates calcification; cardiovascular support; anti-inflammatory potential relevant to ageing men.
Key studies:
- Review on menaquinones and extra-hepatic benefits. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24383587/
- https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3767046/
